Understanding Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk
Genetic testing has revolutionized the field of healthcare, particularly when it comes to assessing the risk of developing cancer. Recent research has revealed that between five and ten percent of all cancers are caused by inherited gene mutations [^1^]. If you carry one of these genetic mutations, your lifetime cancer risk may be significantly higher compared to the general population. Genetic testing allows us to identify these mutations and assess your risk for hereditary cancer.
What is Genetic Testing?
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, does not detect the presence or absence of cancer itself. Instead, it determines whether you have an inherited predisposition or tendency for developing cancer [^1^]. A positive result in a genetic screening does not guarantee that you will develop the disease, but it can provide valuable information for choosing preventive measures to minimize your risk and stay ahead of the disease if it does occur. By considering personal and family medical histories, genetic testing can help identify individuals who would benefit from meeting with a genetic counselor for a hereditary cancer risk assessment [^1^].
When is Genetic Testing Appropriate?
Genetic counseling and testing for cancer risk assessments may be appropriate for individuals who have concerns or anxiety about their personal or hereditary cancer risk [^1^]. Additionally, individuals who have a family history of cancer may also benefit from genetic testing. Some indicators that genetic testing may be beneficial include:
Diagnosed with cancer at an early ageMore than one family member (on the same side of the family) with the same cancerIndividuals with bilateral cancers or more than one primary cancerTwo or more generations of the family affected by cancerA cancer diagnosis along with being of Ashkenazi Jewish descentInterest in screening for diseases common among a particular ethnic groupInterest in genetic testing for cancer genes and discussing cancer risk management options [^1^]
Types of Genetic Testing
There are various types of genetic testing available for assessing cancer risk. It is important to note that while there are no physical risks associated with genetic testing, there can be a psychological impact. For this reason, it is recommended to undergo genetic counseling alongside genetic testing to fully understand the implications and potential outcomes [^1^].
During the genetic counseling process, a genetic counselor will assess your risk for various inherited medical conditions, including cancer. This involves reviewing the pattern and ages of cancer diagnosis in your family to determine if there is an inherited predisposition to cancer [^1^]. The counselor will also consider the basic principles of genetics and inheritance, the availability of appropriate genetic testing, and the costs, risks, and benefits of testing [^1^].
The Benefits of Genetic Testing
Genetic testing provides several benefits for individuals at risk of hereditary cancer. By identifying gene mutations, individuals can better understand their overall cancer risks and make informed decisions about their health [^1^]. Some of the key benefits of genetic testing include:
Early detection and prevention: Genetic testing can help identify individuals who are at a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer. With this knowledge, proactive measures such as increased screenings, lifestyle modifications, and preventive surgeries can be taken to reduce the risk or detect cancer at an early stage.Personalized treatment plans: Genetic testing can help guide treatment decisions by providing information about the specific genetic mutations present. This allows for more targeted therapies and personalized treatment plans.Family planning: Knowing about genetic mutations can help individuals make informed decisions about family planning. It can provide insights into the risk of passing on the genetic mutation to future generations and allow for proactive measures, such as preimplantation genetic testing or prenatal testing.Psychological well-being: Understanding one’s genetic risk can offer peace of mind and reduce anxiety. It allows individuals to take control of their health and make proactive choices for themselves and their families.
Genetic Counseling and Support
Genetic counseling plays a crucial role in the genetic testing process. Genetic counselors are healthcare professionals with specialized training in genetics and counseling. They provide support, education, and guidance throughout the genetic testing journey [^1^].
During a genetic counseling session, the counselor will discuss your personal and family medical history, explain the genetic testing process, and help you understand the potential implications of the results [^1^]. They will also provide information about available resources, support groups, and ongoing research studies related to genetic conditions and cancer risk.
Aurora Genetic Counseling Services
Aurora Health Care offers comprehensive genetic counseling services for individuals at risk of hereditary cancer. Their Cancer Genetic Counseling Program provides confidential hereditary cancer risk assessments and access to ongoing local and national cancer research studies [^1^]. The program aims to empower patients, healthcare professionals, and the community through education and support.
To make an appointment with Aurora’s Cancer Genetic Counseling Program, call 877-647-2502. You can also obtain a genetic counseling referral form [PDF] to share with your doctor. The team at Aurora is dedicated to providing personalized care and helping patients navigate their genetic risks.
Aurora Hereditary Cancer Prevention and Management Center
For individuals and families with complex or difficult hereditary cancer conditions, Aurora Health Care offers the Hereditary Cancer Prevention and Management Center (HCPMC) [^1^]. The HCPMC specializes in testing and monitoring individuals at high risk for multiple types of cancer.
Through the HCPMC, patients can gain a deeper understanding of their overall cancer risks and receive a customized medical management plan tailored to their unique needs [^1^]. The center stays updated on the latest genetic tests and research related to hereditary cancer syndromes and provides long-term monitoring and care through a dedicated cancer prevention team.
To access the services provided by the Aurora Hereditary Cancer Prevention and Management Center, individuals can ask their doctor for a referral to the center located in Milwaukee or Green Bay. The HCPMC in Milwaukee is within the Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic at Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, while the HCPMC in Green Bay is located within the Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic at Aurora BayCare Medical Center [^1^].
Conclusion
Genetic testing for cancer risk assessment is a valuable tool in the field of healthcare. By identifying inherited gene mutations, individuals can better understand their risk of developing certain types of cancer and take proactive measures to prevent or detect the disease at an early stage. Genetic counseling plays a crucial role in the genetic testing process, providing support, education, and guidance to individuals and families. Aurora Health Care offers comprehensive genetic counseling services and a dedicated Hereditary Cancer Prevention and Management Center to ensure individuals receive the personalized care they need. Take control of your health by considering genetic testing and counseling to assess your cancer risk and make informed decisions for yourself and your family.
References
[^1^] Reference Article 1